Work in progress

THT 1120

Known as:THT 1120; KVāc 29
Cite this page as:Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator). "THT 1120". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1120 (accessed 12 Nov. 2024).

Edition

Editor:Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator)

Provenience

Main find spot:Unknown
Collection:Berlin Turfan Collection

Language and Script

Language:TB
Linguistic stage:classical
Script:classical

Text contents

Title of the work:Karmavācanā
Text genre:Literary
Text subgenre:Vinaya
Verse/Prose:prose

Object

Manuscript:THT 1102-1125
Preceding fragment:THT 1119
Following fragment:THT 1121
Material: ink on wood tablet
Form:Poṭhī
Size (h × w):5.6 × 29 cm
Number of lines:5

Images

Transliteration

(continues from THT 1119)

lf– 9
a1– [ṃ] sā rmeṃ tsa lpā [ṣ]· /// /// [ka] rp· ye a kri tā ññe • mā ṣe ka tse /// ///
a2l[l]e • na no na no sru k· [ll]· /// /// [a] n· wa ce mpa ṣe śma lyñe • ri tau wa a kā /// ///
a3ltso rsa ka pi śa ntse /// /// [k]·e ka ste tu sa kre ñco no lmi saṃ sā rmeṃ tsa lpā /// ///
a4[s]e wa sā tpa ta ntse pa r[w]e – /// /// ·[se] ste ce ya rpo te meṃ mā ka ma [s]·e [tra] ·[i] /// ///
a5rm[k]e śne saṃ snai ya¯ ¯rm snai [k]e· /// /// [k]·· tā keṃ ṣi ko n[t]a – – ·i a kā ś[w]a tpo k[ai] – – – –
b1s· [m]u dra pa lta kwa sa su /// [l]y· y· [t]· [k]· – – ·m· – – ·[t]s· – – – – –
b2– – [a] ro [n]ne mā toṃ śtwā – /// /// śtw· r· wä nta rwa¯ ¯ts ya· mk· śm· [n]· [sa]ṃ ·ai sa c[w]i wa – ṃ – – – –
b3[p]· – rpo tse ya rmke śmā /// /// lle • kute meṃ te ntse ka llau ste to na¯ ¯k /// ///
b4meṃ ka llau ste • ce o /// /// rwa meṃ ce yä kne sa ka llā lle • ko spo /// ///
b5nt· pi ścma la ṣṣi ṣe ·e /// /// ·[ā] ·[e] [k]tsa ya rpo ka llā lle ko spo saṃ /// ///

(continues on THT 1121)

Transcription

(continues from THT 1119)

lf(20-)9
a1n1n2n3n4 (sa)ṃsārmeṃ tsälpāṣ· /// /// kärp(i)ye akritāññe ṣekatse /// /// (nano) (nano) (cme)¬
a2llen4n5n6n7nano nano sruk(a)ll(e) (•) (larenmeṃ) (tsrelle) an(ai)wace{ṃ}mpa ṣe śmalyñeritauwa akā(lkäntats) (mā) (källālyñe) (au)¬
a3ltsorsan7n8n9n10 ka piś antse(ṣṣe) (perpette) (la)k(l)e ka ste tusa kreñc onolmi saṃsārmeṃ tsälpā(lyñe) /// ///
a4n11n12n13n14 se wasātpatäntse pärwe(ṣṣe) /// /// – se ste ce yarpo temeṃ māka mäs(k)eträ ·i° /// /// (ya)¬
a5rmn15n16n17 keś nesäṃ snai yarm snai ke(ś) /// /// k·· keṃ ṣikonta(sa)·i akāś wat pokai(nesa) – –
b1n18n19n20 s(a)mudrä pältakwasa su(mätsi) /// ly· t·k· – – ·m· – – ·ts· – – – – –
b2n21n22 – – aronne toṃ śtwā(ra) /// /// śtw(ā)r(a) wäntarwats ya(r)m k(e)ś m(ā) n(e)säṃ (t)aisa cwi wa(sa)ṃ(tpātäṣṣe)
b3n23n24n25 p(i) (yä)rpotse yarm keś /// /// (källā)llekutemeṃ tentse kallau ste tona-k /// /// (wäntarwa)¬
b4meṃn26 kallau stece o(nolmeṃtsana) /// /// (wänta)rwameṃ ce yäknesa källāllekos po /// ///
b5n27n28 nt· piś-cmalaṣṣi ṣe(m)e /// /// ·ā·ektsa yarpo källālle kos po saṃ(sārne) /// ///

(continues on THT 1121)

Translation

(continues from THT 1119)

a1(the seed) of release from the saṃsāra? (Because the saṃsāra is) mean, sinful(?) [and] inconstant. (Being reborn again and again),
a2dying again and again, (being separated from loved ones), meeting with not-loved-ones [and] (not reaching) the wishes one has:
a3in short, (the bundle of the) five constituents is no more than suffering. Therefore the good beings (sow the seed of) release from the saṃsāra.
a4This (for you is) the first (effect) of ordination. [2.] What is [this]: The merit [from ordination] is more than itself [i.e. ordination]? [Answer:] (This merit) is (without)
a5measure [and] number. Without measure [and] number (are the four elements. Just as it is not possible to measure out) this earth (with) steps or (to measure out) the airspace (with) one’s arms outstretched,
b1(to) trick(le) the ocean in droplets (or the sun(?)) .... (Whatever things)
b2may stop for him, these four (elements will not stop for him(?) Just as these) four elements have neither measure nor number, just so this merit of ord(ination) [has]
b3neither measure nor number [and] can be (obtained by you(?)). Whence is the obtainment of this? From just these (elements, earth,and so on,)
b4is obtainment, in so far as it [=merit] can be obtained in this way from the (organic and inorganic elements). How much (in(?)) the whole (saṃsāra(?)) ....
b5the beings of the five births ...., (so much(?)) merit can be obtained in ... (ways(?)). How much (in(?)) the whole saṃ(sāra(?)) ...

(continues on THT 1121)

Commentary

Philological commentary

*The supplementation and commentaries follows Schmidt 1986: 28-29, 61, 141-142.
*TB (nano nano cme)lle – Skt. jātiḥ
*TB nano nano srukall(e) – Skt. maranam
*TB larenmeṃ tsrelle – Skt. priyaviprayogaḥ
*TB an(ai)wace(ṃ)mpa ṣe śmalyñe – Skt. apriyasaṃprayogaḥ
*TB ritauwa akā(lkäntats mā-källālyñe) – Skt. yad apīcchan paryeṣamāṇo na labhate
*TB (au)ltsorsa ka piś-antse(ṣṣe perpette la)k(l)e ka ste – Skt. saṃkṣiptena pañcopādānaskandhā duḥkham
n3The gap contains about 9-10 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7-8 are missing.
n4These lines contain a (shortened) Tocharian version of the well-known definition of the noble truth “suffering”. In comparison to the Skt. version, as it can be found in CPS, varga 14.5, for instance, the following correspondences ensue:
n7The gap contains about 5 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7-8 are missing.
n10The gap contains about 5 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7 are missing.
n14The gap contains about 5 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 6 are missing. The particular shape of the i-hook in mäsketrä ·i is caused by the ligature lyñe (supplementation certain) right above it. Cf. a 2 ritauwa.
n17The gap contains about 8 akṣaras.
n20The gap contains about 11 akṣaras.
n22The gap contains about 8 akṣaras.
n25The gap contains about 5 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7 are missing.
n26The gap contains about 8 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7 are missing.
n28The gap contains about 6 akṣaras, and to the end of the line about 7 are missing.

Remarks

*According to Schmidt 1986: iv-v this ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq.
*From this leaf 3 fragments are preserved: one from the left side to the string hole, consisting of 3 pieces and about 6.5 cm wide; a larger fragment from the right half of the leaf, about 9 cm wide; and, attaching to this, at the lower margin a small fragment, about 3.5 cm wide and containing the remnants of a single line.
*The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986: v, 2, 5-6
*This leaf is in hand 3.

Linguistic commentary

n1tsälpāṣ- sic! and should probably be corrected to tsälpālyñeṣ·, an adjectival form in -ṣṣe.
n2akritāññe ca. ‘sin’ is a loan from Iranian (cf. Sogd. ’krt’nyh ‘sin’).
n5Mistaken anaiwacempa for anaiwacceṃmpa; akālkäntats for akālkäntaṃts.
n6-lle at the beginning of this line is the remains of a Ger. of the root täm- 'be born'. sruk·[ll](e) is certainly to be read srukalle, therefore the preceding must be restored to read nano nano cmelle (as above). If srukelle is assumed, the preceding would have to be read as (nano nano tänmaṣṣä)lle, which, however, for reasons of space would not appear to be a possibility. The last word in this line must be supplemented to either akālkänta or akālkäntats.
n8tsälpālyñe for tsälpālñe.
n9piś antse sic! A possible supplementation could be piś-antseṣṣe perpette (cf. THT 554: b 1 piṃś-atseṣṣe perpette) vel sim. The last word in this line is most likely to be supplemented to tsälpālyñe (as above) or an adjectival derivation of it.
n11wasātpatäntse for wasaṃtpātäntse.
n12The first word after the gap may perhaps be supplemented to kuse.
n13(ku)se ste ce yarpo temeṃ māka mäs(k)eträ literally means “(Wha)t is [it], that merit is more than this?” The ce- clause represents the subject of the superordinate clause and must therefore be identified as subject clause.
n15akāś for akāśe.
n16The first word after the gap may perhaps be supplemented to mäkte. The word before akāś, of which only the ·i can be read, is the remains of a bisyllabic infinitive in -tsi, which, however, cannot be restored with any certainty.
n18samudrä for samudtär.
n19The last word before the gap (su-) is the remains of an infinitive, and may perhaps be restored to read sumästsi. An alternative reading of [l]y·y·[t·k·] after the gap would also be [l]y·y·[t·r·] or [l]y·y·[t·u·].
n21wäntarwats for wäntarwaṃts.
n23yärpotse for yärpontse; mistaken kutemeṃ for kutameṃ.
n24kutemeṃ sic! for kutameṃ. But cf. also m-tht1355 a 2 kutemeṃ kutemeṃ (= Skt. yato yataḥ).
n27piś-cmalaṣṣi sic! and to be corrected to piś-cmelaṣṣi. The first word after the gap ([·ā·ek]tsa) could also be read as [-n]tsa.

References

Online access

IDP: THT 1120; TITUS: THT 1120

Complete Translation

Tamai 2014: 387-388; Schmidt 1986: 99-100

Edition

Tamai 2014: 387-388; Tamai 2007a: №1120; Schmidt 1986: 28-29, 61-62

Bibliography

IDP

“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.

Schmidt 1986

Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” Habilitation.

Tamai 2007a

Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. 2007. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.

Tamai 2014

Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.

TITUS

Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.