PK AS 5C
| Known as: | PK AS 5C; Pelliot Koutchéen Ancienne Série 5C; S 6 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn (collaborator). "PK AS 5C". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-pkas5c (accessed 19 Aug. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn (collaborator) |
| Date of online publication: | 2013-08 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Expedition code: | 3510, 44 |
| Collection: | Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Pelliot Koutchéen (Paris) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānastotra |
| Passage: | 30d-36c [shorter version] |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 43434 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | PK AS 5C |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 8.2 × 36.5 cm |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
| Interline spacing: | 1.3 cm |
Images
Images from gallica.bnf.fr by courtesy of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits, Pelliot koutchéen.
Transliteration
| a1 | – – – – [w](·) yma¯ ¯r yū ko¯ ¯ymä we ta kle śa ṣṣai srū ka lñe ṣṣai a ntse ṣṣai ma raṃ ṣṣai s̝pa : 30 pe yā la vā rgä pai ykā mai snai pe le mpa ri ttau [wa] |
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| a2 | ku[s]e [w](·) lñe nta : mā ā rtto yma¯ ¯r mā we ñi¯ ¯m bu ddha va caṃ śa sta rma¯ ¯śä ya mi¯ ¯m spe lke : pe lai kne ne stmau prā kre pe rma śa yi¯ ¯m ṣe me kauṃ su śau¯ ¯l śpā |
| a3 | [lm]eṃ [:] mā no ka nte pi kwa la ○ snai pe le mpa ri tto wo śau lā rtto yma¯ ¯r• 30-1 mi tra vā rgä pai ykā mai po cme la ne ka llo¯ ¯ymä kre ntaṃ wā ṣmoṃ [:] |
| a4 | ku śa lwä ntre wä tkā lyceṃ ○ ai śau myeṃ pa tā ko yñi e ṣe śma lyñe : ai na keṃ mpa la rau ñe mā ya mī ma¯ ¯r mu skā tsi¯ ¯śä po kre ntau naṃ |
| a5 | tsa : ka lymi sa ke¯ ¯śä ta ṣe ñca¯ ¯ñä pa pā ṣṣo rñe ma lla rṣkaṃ wā ṣmo ñtā ko¯ ¯yñä : 30 2 ni rvā ṇa vā rgä śpā lmeṃ ce pai yka lñe sa a kā lka se ne [m]c(·) (–) |
| a6 | kñī ta¯ ¯rñä : ne rvā ṇä ṣṣai ri ntse ñi¯ ¯ś śtwe re mpreṃ ṣa rne sa ru wi¯ ¯m ye nme : kse lla ññe ṣṣe sa¯ ¯k śpā lmeṃ trai kle ṅke ntsa ka llo yeṃ po saṃ sā r[ṣṣ]i : [k]au |
| b1 | (·)e [ntai] ra sa nnaṃ nne snai mī yä ṣlñe ṣe ktā ko¯ ¯ymä po cme la ne : 30 3 pai yka lñe sa pa śya vā rgä ai śa mñe ṣṣeṃ ā stre śne ka llo(·) wno lm(·) (–) [p](·) [ś](·) [nt](·) |
| b2 | [tsa] [ṣa] ñä ññe sa sā ra ntse yo lai ññe lko yeṃ au spa : vi pa ryā sṣe sū rme sa mā ṣwā lo ytra pi ścme lṣeṃ¯ ¯ts e¯ ¯k pa lsko ṣṣe : śtwā re mpre nma l[k](·) |
| b3 | [tsi] [sa] ai śa mñe ṣṣi tā ○ ko yeṃ śpā lmeṃ e śne : 30 4 kuce pai ykā mai pā pa vā rgä po yo lai ñe wī ka ṣṣi¯ ¯m• po cme la ne : po |
| b4 | – [nt]· naṃ¯ ¯ts yā ta tsi¯ ¯śä ○ cä mpi mpa lsko yā ta ssi po pre śyaṃ ne : kuse po yśi ntse wa tka ṣlñe ke ktse ñre ki pa lsko sa tu kne sta mo |
| b5 | – – – ·[o] nta sa o ntso yte ta rya wi tskaṃ nau ta ssi¯ ¯śä [p]e¯ ¯k spa lke ssu : 30 5 pai yka lñe sa yu ga vā rgä a kā lka ntse kne lñe se ne mce¯ ¯k• |
| b6 | – – – – [vā] [ka] rñai po [y]ś(·) ññeṃ kau ñä kte ntso pa rkā lñe tri śi mma nta : ñu mka ṣka sso ya kne ntsa o stmeṃ la lñe pa rnā ññe¯ ¯ts mā ā rtto yma¯ ¯[r] |
Transcription
Translation
| a1 | (May) I (not be) mixed (with an evil one)! |
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| a1 | May I win the battle with the passions, with the deaths, with the elements [= skandhas], and with Māra. |
| a1 | 30. |
| a1 | I have written the Peyālavarga. |
| a1+ | The talks that are connected with Lawlessness may I not approve [of them], |
| a2 | may I not speak [them], |
| a2 | may I apply my zeal to the speech of the Buddha, to the Śāstras! |
| a2+ | Being installed firmly on the Law, even if I live only one single day, that [would be] an excellent life. |
| a3 | But I will not adopt a life lasting a hundred years [if it is] connected with Lawlessness. |
| a3 | 31. |
| a3 | I have written the Mitravarga. |
| a3 | May I obtain in all births good friends! |
| a3+ | May I have company [lit. coming together] with the wise ones that are resolute about the good thing! |
| a4+ | May I not make friendship with bad ones [which would result in] the disappearance of all virtues! |
| a5 | May the ones who evaluate rightly, striving towards the observance, become my friends! |
| a5 | 32. |
| a5+ | Through the writing of this excellent Nirvāṇavarga may this wish be fulfilled for sure: |
| a6 | May I myself open with the two hands of the four truths the door of the city of Nirvāṇa, |
| a6 | may all the beings of the Saṃsāra reach through the three vehicles the excellent happiness consisting in extinction! |
| a6+ | May I be always without harm even against a kill(ing) enemy in all births! |
| b1 | 33. |
| b1 | Through the writing of the Paśyavarga may the beings obtain the two pure eyes of wisdom! |
| b1+ | May they see clearly the essence of the five elements [= skandhas] [and] the evilness of the Saṃsāra! |
| b2 | May the eye of the spirit of the beings of the five births not be covered by the cataract of delusion! |
| b2+ | Through the seeing of the four truths may the two excellent eyes become characterized by wisdom! |
| b3 | 34. |
| b3 | Since I have written the Pāpavarga, may I chase away entirely the evilness in all births! |
| b3+ | In order to make the (vir)tues [being] effective, may I be able to tame my spirit on all occasions! |
| b4+ | Whatever is the decision of the omniscient, may I adhere [lit. stay] to that indeed with body, word, [and] thought, unsatiable of meritorious acts [and] always zealous for the destruction of the three roots [of evil]! |
| b5 | 35. |
| b5+ | Through the writing of the Yugavarga (may I have) for sure this fulfillment of my wish: |
| b6 | May I never miss the rising of the suns of omniscience at the limit of existence! |
| b6 | May I not adopt the way of ascetism [lit. going out of the house] of the heretics of ninety six sorts! |
Other
| a1+ | Den Peyālavarga habe ich geschrieben [in dem Wunsche]: Die Aussprüche, die mit Gesetzlosigkeit verbunden [sind], möchte ich nicht preisen, möchte ich nicht sagen. Für das Buddhawort [und] die Śāstras möchte ich Eifer zeigen. Fest im Gesetz stehend, möchte ich gern, [und sei es auch nur] einen [einzigen] Tag, leben: Dies Leben [wäre] das beste. Nicht aber möchte ich ich ein hundert Jahre [währendes] Leben, [das] mit Gesetzlosigkeit verbunden [ist], preisen. (Schmidt 1974: 170, 454) |
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| a3+ | Den Mitravarga habe ich geschrieben [in dem Wunsche]: In allen Geburten möchte ich gute Freunde erlangen. Mit den Weisen, [die] sich für eine gute Sache entschieden [haben], möge mir Zusammenkommen sein. Mit Gemeinen möchte ich nicht Freundschaft schließen/Nicht möchte ich die Gemeinen lieben, um [nicht] alle Tugenden zu verlieren [wtl. zum Verlorengehen aller Tugenden]. Die richtig Überlegenden, die auf sittliche Haltung Drängenden möchten meine Freunde sein. (Schmidt 1974: 342, 454-5) |
| b2 | Und nicht möge den Fünfgeburten[wesen] das Auge des Verstandes vom Star der Verkehrtheit [des Irrtums] bedeckt werden. (Schmidt 1974: 256-7) |
| b3+ | Weil ich den Pāpavarga geschrieben habe, möchte ich alles Böse in allen Geburten vertreiben. Zum Zustandekommen aller (Tugenden) möchte ich fähig sein, [mein] Denken zu allen Zeiten zu bändigen. Was der Befehl des Allerkenners [ist], eben daran möchte ich mit Körper, Wort [und] Denken halten, an (verdienstvollen Werk)en unersättlich [und] stets bemüht, di e drei Wurzeln zu vernichten. (Schmidt 1974: 455) |
Commentary
Linguistic commentary
| There are many forms with o-mobile or preserved word-final -ä; on the other hand, we have some late spellings like the genitive plural in -ets. | |
| n4 | Note the spelling aiśaumyeṃpa for aiśaumyeṃmpa. |
| n7 | śtwer empreṃ is unexpected for the notion of the "four truths", which is usually śtwāra emprenma. But even with sandhi śtwār=emprenma it would not fit the meter. It would be very speculative to assume that emprenma has been truncated to empren metri causa and that then a copiyst has wrongly resolved the sandhi and replaced the form with the masculine śtwer. No solution is provided by Bernhard 1958: 169, to whom Thomas refers. It is easier to assume that the author replaced the non-metrical śtwār=emprenma by a dvigu compound being a calque of Skt. catur-ārya-satya- of the type tri-ratna- = TA tri-ñemi. Moreover the prose expression would be śtwāra emprenmaṣṣi ṣarnesa or śtwāra emprenmaṣṣana ṣarnesa. |
Parallel texts
| PK NS 25 and 26, PK NS 24 |
Remarks
| A complete leaf but without the leaf number preserved. It is immediately followed by PK AS 5D. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | yūkoym has a double virāma writing of the akālk-type. As often, the varga names such as peyālavārgä are written without virāma, but the -ä does not count metrically. |
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| n2 | källoym has a double virāma writing of the akālk-type, but metrically one has to restore the final -ä. The final -ä of the varga name mitravārgä also counts metrically in this case. |
| n3 | The text clearly has rittowo, which is an also otherwise attested o-mobile form of the nom.sg. PPt rittau. However, in order to construct it with śaul, we would expect an oblique form rittoṣo, which is actually confirmed by rittoṣ in the parallel text PK NS 24 b 4. So we may either assume a mere misspelling, or we have to reckon with a variant formulation and the colon being a hypothetical clause of its own. Note that we do have other variant wordings in other passages of Udānastotra parallels. |
| n5 | akālk is written without virāma, but the final -ä does not count metrically. |
| n6 | Note that mällarṣkaṃ has a late ending of the nominative plural masculine (for -añ), which is surprising in view of the other correct nom.pl. endings in the same line. |
| n8 | āstr= eśne stands for āstry= eśne, which is actually attested in PK AS 4A a 5. It may be a simple misspelling or even an allegro form. Furthermore, we have here plural instead of dual agreement with the adjective aiśamñeṣṣe. |
| n9 | Note the word play between the grundverb infinitive yātatsi and the causative infinitive yātässi. |
| n10 | The three roots correspond to the three akuśala-mūla, namely greed, anger, and delusion. |
| n11 | The restoration (bhav)ākarñai has been proposed and discussed by Thomas 1966a: 176, fn. 9. It refers to the notion of Skt. bhavāgra- 'peak of the universe, limit of existence', see Edgerton 1953: 407b. The form is obviously an oblique singular of a feminine abstract and it cannot be connected with the masculine plural kauṃ-ñäkteṃts. It is unwarranted to imagine that it is miswritten for bhavākarñeṃ [pace Thomas], because the Sanskrit term is never used in this way. On the other hand, there is a Sanskrit phrase yāvad bhavāgram "to the limit of existence", which most probably has been imitated here with the Tocharian temporal accusative. |
References
Edition
Lévi 1933: 61-63; Thomas 1966a: 174-176; Pinault 1990a: 62
Translations
Schmidt 1974: a1 a2 a3 (170, 454), a3 a4 a5 (342, 454-5), b2 (256-7), b3 b4 b5 (455)
Bibliography
Bernhard, Franz. 1958. “Die Nominalkomposition im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Edgerton, Franklin. 1953. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit grammar and dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Lévi, Sylvain. 1933. Fragments de textes koutchéens. Udānavarga, Udānastotra, Udānālaṁkāra et Karmavibhaṅga, publiés et traduits avec un vocabulaire et une introduction sur le «tokharien». Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1990a. “Compléments à l’Udānālaṅkāra et à l’Udānastotra en koutchéen.” In Documents et archives provenant de l’Asie Centrale. Actes du Colloque Franco-Japonais, Kyoto, 4–8 octobre 1988, edited by Akira Haneda, 51–69. Kyoto: Association Franco-Japonaise des Études Orientales.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Thomas, Werner. 1966a. “Tocharische Udānastotras der Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 80: 163–81.
