A 71
| Known as: | A 71; THT 704 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling. "A 71". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a71 (accessed 07 Dec. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.09 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Mūghapakkha-Jātaka |
| Passage: | a |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 4343 (4x); 5555 (1x), 444343 (1x), 55 (1x), 4443 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | A 55-88 |
| Following fragment: | A 56 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| a1 | /// [s̝]tra ṅka¯ ¯s̝ pe na skra¯ ¯śä ma¯ ¯nt ya lñi || śā nta wa ntā kaṃ || ja mbu dvi pā kā kma rti¯ ¯k wä lna ṣpā ca rño myo |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// [w]· ypa mā rṣñi se yo : ra ke ca ma ṣpā na smā¯ ¯r nma smāṃ ka pśño ślā ñcā lyi : mā nu ā kā¯ ¯l kna s̝ta rñi pe nä |
| a3 | /// – mā śā ñtra ṅki¯ ¯ñcä na ṣta ni spra ti pa¯ ¯ks̝ || kā tkmāṃ nā ntsu wä ltra ṅka¯ ¯s̝ ma¯ ¯nt wä knā na¯ ¯s̝ || tma¯ ¯s̝ |
| a4 | /// pka ntā lā nta ctra ṅki¯ ¯ñcä nā ta¯ ¯k mā tṣaṃ ta preṃ kā pñe ā la¯ ¯k wra mna ṣko sne ṣñi śo¯ ¯l • ta myo ta [preṃ] |
| a5 | /// [tp]· ka ssi yā ta ṣko sne śo lṣiṃ pra ski yaṃ mā śma¯ ¯s̝• || ta mka klyu ṣu ra¯ ¯s̝ bra hma da tte wä¯ ¯l ṣñi se yaṃ a [p]a lkā |
| a6 | /// pra¯ ¯k ko ṣlye sko s̝a ntā sca ndā lā skā kku ra s̝tra ṅka¯ ¯s̝ yśe yā yke ṣe¯ ¯ñä || sa ma kko rre naṃ || po tsāṃ tka nā ñi |
| b1 | /// to yo śla ti ri pe nu : lā ñciṃ wa tku ya tra ppa rmā¯ ¯t ra ke tra ṅktsi mā tswā ta rcä mpa mo pe ñi se sa¯ ¯s : pe ntsā cäṃ |
| b2 | /// kupre ne ra ke mā kka tswe ñä¯ ¯s̝ pa tskā cäṃ śo lkā re yo : 1 || ta mka klyu ṣu ra s̝ma śki¯ ¯t lyu tā rra tslā ntu ne yä s̝pa rsko |
| b3 | /// preṃ lā ñcä śśi kā kma rtu ne ṣiṃ tre ke yi¯ ¯s• e mpe lu ne || wa ta ñi naṃ || kā kma rtṣi naṃ ā mā nyo ypa ntra |
| b4 | /// mkā kma¯ ¯rt wla lu ne yi¯ ¯ñcä tma¯ ¯s̝ kupā raṃ ña re yntwaṃ : nä¯ ¯s̝ wä knu ma¯ ¯nt sne ma¯ ¯ṅk se ko ssi wä tks̝a llā |
| b5 | /// mlā ñciṃ kā kma¯ ¯rt mā ku lypa¯ ¯l : 1 || tma ṣca ndā lā¯ ¯ñä bo dhi sa tvāṃ pā cri lā¯ ¯nt ra ryu¯ ¯nt ka rso ra¯ ¯s̝ s̝a ññā |
| b6 | /// ppo ki sne ma¯ ¯ṅk lā laṃ ṣkā spo dhi sa tve nā¯ ¯s po keṃ ṣkā rā ka ka rku ra¯ ¯s̝ ka ra vi ra kṣi psu¯ ¯k kñu kaṃ wto |
(continues on A 56)
Transcription
| a1 | n1 /// ṣ träṅkäṣ penäs kraś mänt yal ñi ॥ śāntawantākaṃ ॥ |
|---|
| 1a | jambudvipā ; kākmärtik ; wäl näṣ pācar ; ñomyo a2n2 1σ |
|---|---|
| 1b | 8σ /// w· 1σ ypamār ; ṣñi seyo : |
| 1c | rake camäṣ ; pānäsmār ; nmäsmāṃ kapśño ; śl= āñcālyi : |
| 1d | mā nu ākāl ; knäṣtär-ñi ; penä a3 5σ |
| * | /// (ā)māśāñ träṅkiñc naṣ tanis pratipakṣ ॥ kātkmāṃ nāntsu wäl träṅkäṣ mänt wäknā naṣ ॥ tmäṣ |
|---|---|
| a4 | /// pkäntā lāntac träṅkiñc nātäk mā tṣaṃ täpreṃ kāpñe ālak wram naṣ kos ne ṣñi śol • tämyo täpreṃ |
| a5 | /// t p·kässi yātaṣ kos ne śolṣiṃ praskiyaṃ mā śmäṣ ॥ täm kaklyuṣuräṣ brahmadatte wäl ṣñi seyaṃ apälkā |
| a6 | n3 /// (ana)pr-äk koṣlyes koṣäntās candālās kākkuräṣ träṅkäṣ yśey āy-keṣeñ ॥ samakkorrenaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | potsāṃ tkanā ñi ; b1 8σ /// toyo ; śla tiri penu : |
|---|---|
| 1b | lāñciṃ watku ; yatr appärmāt ; rake träṅktsi ; mā tswātär ; cämpamo pe ; ñi se säs : |
| 1c | pentsāc-äṃ b2 7σ |
| 1d | /// kupre ne rake ; mākk ats weñäṣ ; pätskāc-äṃ śol ; kāreyo : 1 ॥ |
| * | täm kaklyuṣuräṣ mäśkit lyutārr ats lāntuneyäṣ pärsko |
|---|---|
| b3 | n4 /// preṃ lāñcäśśi kākmärtuneṣiṃ trekeyis empelune ॥ watañinaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | kākmartṣinäṃ ; āmānyo ; ypanträ b4 5σ |
|---|---|
| 1b | 2σ /// m kākmart ; wlalune ; yiñc tmäṣ kupāraṃ ; ñareyntwaṃ : |
| 1c | näṣ-wäknumänt ; sne maṅk se ; kossi wätkṣäll ; ā b5 2σ |
| 1d | 7σ /// m ; lāñciṃ kākmart ; mā kulypal : 1 ॥ |
| * | tmäṣ candālāñ bodhisatvāṃ pācri lānt raryunt kärsoräṣ ṣäññā |
|---|---|
| b6 | /// pp oki sne maṅk lālaṃṣkās podhisatvenās pokeṃ ṣkārā kakärkuräṣ karavirakṣi psuk kñukaṃ wto |
(continues on A 56)
Translation
| a1 | ... Thereupon he [i.e. the king] speaks: |
|---|---|
| a1 | Say, [you] good ones, |
| a1 | how shall I do? |
| a1 | || In the Ś.-tune: || |
| a1+ | I [am] the ruler over the Jambudvīpa, the king, father by name (only) |
| a2 | ... I make through my son. |
| a2 | A word from him I ask, bowing with my body [and] with hands folded. |
| a2 | But my wish is not fulfilled. |
| a2+ | Say [you],([you] noble ones, how shall I do? 1.) |
| a3 | (Thereupon) the ministers say: |
| a3 | There is a remedy for this. |
| a3 | Pleased the king says: |
| a3 | Of what kind is it? |
| a3+ | Thereupon... |
| a4 | ... (the ministers) say without ... to the king: |
| a4 | Oh lord, there is no other thing here as much beloved as one's life. |
| a4+ | Therefore... |
| a5 | ... (the prince) will (only) be able ... to hide as (long) as he does not come into danger to [his] life. |
| a5+ | When he had heard that, the king Brahmadatta, without looking at his own son, (agreed). |
| a6 | ... even called, in the presence (of a great crowd of people), the Caṇḍālas, who kill the ones to be killed, [and] says: |
| a6 | Ho, deathsmen (?)! |
| a6 | || In the S.-tune: || |
| a6+ | All over the world my (command (?) is obeyed with reverence) [and] good will. |
| b1 | Deliberately, however, this my son mocks the royal command |
| b1 | [and] does not comply to say a single word, although [he is] able [to speak]. |
| b1+ | Seize him... |
| b2 | ... If he does not say a word at all, take his life with the sword. |
| b2 | 1. |
| b2+ | When he had heard that, the prince [began to] fear kingship even more. |
| b3 | ... ([and] he thinks to himself: Oh, what) an awesomeness/cruelty that comes from the aberration of dominion of the kings! |
| b3 | || In the W.-tune: || |
| b3+ | Because of masterly pride (the rulers) do (terrible things). |
| b4 | (But if) death becomes their master, then they go to the deep hells. |
| b4+ | The command to kill an impeccable son like myself [is] (foolishness) ... |
| b5 | [there?] is no longing for a royal sovereign/royal dominion. |
| b5 | 1. |
| b5+ | When thereupon the Caṇḍālas knew the Bodhisattva [to be] surrendered by [his] father, the king, ... the naturally (cruel ones (?)), having tied the Bodhisattva’s flawless, tender arms to the back, as it were [= as if they were] without suffering, having placed the oleander wreath around his neck |
(continues on A 56)
Other
| a2 | Ein Wort von ihm erbitte ich, mich mit dem Körper beugend [und] mit zusammengelegten Händen. Aber er erfüllt meinen Wunsch nicht. (Schmidt 1974: 135, 147, 488) |
|---|---|
| a4 | There is no other thing as dear as one's own life. (Peyrot 2013b: 261) |
| a5 | Will he be able to hide himself as long as he does not come into danger of life? (cf 18) (Peyrot 2013b: 259) |
| b1 | Mit Absicht indessen verspottet dieser mein Sohn den königlichen Befehl [und] fügt sich nicht, ein Wort zu sagen, obwohl [er dazu] imstande [ist]. (Schmidt 1974: 463, 492) |
| b2 | If he does not say a word at all, take the life out of him with the sword! (cf 18) (Peyrot 2013b: 253) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| This text immediately continues on A 56. |
Philological commentary
| The translation is largely based on Sieg 1952: 17-18, and Carling et al. 2009. | |
| n1 | This tune has 4x14 syllables, rhythm 7/7. |
| n3 | This tune has 20/22/10/15 syllables, rhythm 5/5/5/5 + 8/7/7 + 5/5 + 8/7. |
| n4 | This tune has 4x14 syllables, rhythm 7/7. |
Linguistic commentary
| n2 | Couvreur 1954b: 259 suggests to translate ypamār ṣñi seyo rather as “I make ... of my son”, seyo being genitive rather than instrumental (Sieg et al. 1931: 133). |
|---|
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 42; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 42
Translations
Carling 2000: a1 (100), a6 (405), b4 (143), b6 (74, 200); Hackstein 1995: a2 (68, 71, 231f), a6 (54), b2 (141, 193); Knoll 1996: a4 (128), b6 (111); Kölver 1965: a2 (21), a3 (59), b2 (23, 148), b3 (15), b4 (99), b6 (34, 39, 110); Meunier 2013: b1 (160); Peyrot 2013b: a4 (261), a5 (259), b2 (253); Schmidt 1974: a2 (135, 147, 488), b1 (463, 492); Sieg 1952: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (17-18); Thomas 1952: a1 (20), a6 (49), b4 (61); Thomas 1954: a4 (724), b4 (737); Thomas 1969: a6 (256); Thomas 1976: a1 (227), b3 (228), b5 (228); Thomas 1979a: a2 (258); Thomas 1979d: b6 (154); Thomas 1981: b1 (486), b1 (487), b2 (487); Thomas 1983: a5 (31), b4 (27); Thomas 1993: b2 (208)
Bibliography
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Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Couvreur, Walter. 1954b. “Review of: Übersetzungen aus dem Tocharischen II, aus dem Nachlass hg. v. Werner Thomas.” Orientalische Literaturzeitung 5/6: 259–61.
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“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
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