A 64
| Known as: | A 64; THT 697 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn. "A 64". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a64 (accessed 24 Jun. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn |
| Date of online publication: | 2014-05-30 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 80.02 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Mūghapakkha-Jātaka |
| Passage: | h |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 43434 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | A 55-88 |
| Preceding fragment: | A 81 |
| Following fragment: | A 65 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
(continues from A 81)
| a1 | /// ñma ṣu eṃ tsu¯ ¯nt• kra ñcäṃ wkaṃ ti ri ma tta k[pa] knā mo ko tna¯ ¯s̝• • wä tku sne śä kra¯ ¯nt• wra maṃ pa knā mo nuṃ nuṃ |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ā ṣtraṃ pā pṣu ne ṣiṃ wkaṃ śo lā pā ssi wä [rpo] ra¯ ¯s̝• pa knā mo [k]o tna¯ ¯s̝• ce ṣtri wä knā wra sa¯ ¯ñä pā pṣu ne |
| a3 | /// ne yā śā mā na¯ ¯k• wa lu s̝ka rsnā lye • kuya lte pa lkā rnā ta¯ ¯k• || ṣā ckā cke yaṃ || kra¯ ¯nt• wra mnā śśi na peṃ |
| a4 | /// ntu o ko e ṣa¯ ¯nt• : pā pṣu ne ṣiṃ śä ktā lyi ku sne ṣñā ymaṃ sā sa ryu sa¯ ¯m• o ñi cmo¯ ¯l• : ku sne nu ṣñi |
| a5 | /// knā mo ko tna¯ ¯s̝• ā kna¯ ¯ts• : śā māṃ pe nu wa lu sa¯ ¯m• kra ñcäṃ wä kna ṣlā le tu mā o ñi cmo¯ ¯l• : 1 || ta mka klyu ṣu ra |
| a6 | /// nāṃ ts(·) s̝[tra] ṅki¯ ¯ñcä o te ta preṃ ma rka mpa lsa lpā ṣl(·) ne o (·)e (–) preṃ [t](·)i bo dhi ṣi ytā rpā ka ryā mlu ne • o te ta preṃ |
| b1 | /// ·ra ·k·¯ ¯ñcä || [c](·) w(·) nte naṃ || ca kra va rtti lā ñci nā ñta (·)y(·) (– –) [ṣ](·) (·)r(·) yntu sa lu ca mi : kā ru ṇa śśä ltr[i] [wo] (·)[w](·) |
| b2 | /// [py](·) tku pu¯ ¯k• : sne kā ruṃ sa mlya lypu ñka¯ ¯t• sne pa lti kā ñce¯ ¯m• ñä kta¯ ¯ñä ku sne ca mi : s̝pa tñe mi ntu wä¯ ¯lts• se |
| b3 | /// ¯lts• ā mā śā smā pā ka¯ ¯r• ype¯ ¯ñcä : 1 || tma¯ ¯s̝• bra hma da tte wä¯ ¯l• wso knā ntsu ma śki ta ctra ṅka¯ ¯s̝• nā ta |
| b4 | /// ska rṣtā lu ne yo wla lu ne ma ska ta¯ ¯r• • || ma śki ttra ṅka s̝wa ltsu rā kka¯ ¯ts• wra sa śśi wä¯ ¯s̝t• wä knā śo |
| b5 | /// wla lu ne yo • skā ylu ne yo wla lu ne śka[ṃ] • [s̝a] ññā¯ ¯k• wla lu ne pe nu tri wä knā ma ska ta¯ ¯r• • sa¯ ¯s• [ṣ]ñi |
| b6 | /// [li]¯ ¯s• ā rlu ne yo • tri¯ ¯t• ā mpi ne ā rlu ne yo wä lla s̝ta¯ ¯r• kuya lte • || ya rā ssi naṃ || mā pe nu śo lnu |
(continues on A 65)
Transcription
(continues from A 81)
| a1 | /// (ā)ñmaṣu eṃtsunt krañcäṃ wkäṃ tiri mättak päknāmo kotnaṣ • wät kus ne śäkrant wramäṃ päknāmo nuṃ nuṃ |
|---|---|
| a2 | n1 (kotnaṣ) (trit) (kus) (ne) āṣtraṃ pāpṣuneṣiṃ wkäṃ śolā pāssi wärporäṣ päknāmo kotnaṣ ceṣ tri wäknā wrasañ pāpṣune¬ |
| a3 | (yäṣ)n2 (wärcetswātsu)neyā śāmān-äk waluṣ kärsnālye • kuyalte pälkār nātäk ॥ ṣāckāckeyaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | krant wramnāśśi ; napeṃa4(śśi) ; (pāpṣune) (ṣyak) ; (sārmä)ntu ; oko eṣant : |
|---|---|
| 1b | pāpṣuneṣiṃ ; śäktālyi ; kus ne ṣñ= āymaṃ ; sāsäryu ; säm oñi cmol : |
| 1c | kus ne nu ṣñi ; a5 (krañcäṃ) (wkäṃ) ; (tiri) (mättak) ; (pä)knāmo ; kotnaṣ āknats : |
| 1d | śāmāṃ penu ; walu säm ; krañcäṃ wäknäṣ ; lāletu ; mā oñi cmol : 1 ॥ |
| * | täm kaklyuṣurä¬ |
|---|---|
| a6 | (ṣ) (poñś) (añumāski) nāṃts(u)ṣ träṅkiñc ote täpreṃ märkampal sälpāṣl(u)ne o(t)e (tä)preṃ t(ñ)i bodhiṣi ytār pākär yāmlune • ote täpreṃ |
| b1 | n3 (ñäktaśśi) (empelune) (kus) (ne) (p)rä(ṅ)k(i)ñc ॥ c·w·ntenaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | cakravartti ; lāñcināñ ; ta(r)y(āk) (wepi) ; ṣ(ot)r(e)yntu ; salu cami : |
|---|---|
| 1b | kāruṇaśśäl ; triwo (ts)w(o) ; b2n4 /// 7σ ; (pa)py(ä)tku puk : |
| 1c | sne kāruṃ säm ; lyalypu ñkät ; sne pältikāñ ; cem ñäktañ ; kus ne cami : |
| 1d | ṣpät ñemintu ; wälts seb3(wās)n5 ; (wälts) (lāntsās) (wä)lts ; āmāśās ; mā pākär ypeñc : 1 ॥ |
| * | tmäṣ brahmadatte wäl wsok nāntsu mäśkitac träṅkäṣ nātä¬ |
|---|---|
| b4 | (k) (se) (pākṣiññā-ñi) (śoli)s kärṣtāluneyo wlalune mäskatär • ॥ mäśkit träṅkäṣ waltsurākk ats wrasaśśi wäṣt wäknā śo¬ |
| b5 | (lis) (kärṣtālune) (ṣäññā-k) wlaluneyo • skāyluneyo wlalune śkaṃ • ṣäññā-k wlalune penu tri wäknā mäskatär • sas {ṣ→p} ñi¬ |
| b6 | (ntwis)n6 (ārluneyo) (wät) (niṣpa)lis ārluneyo • trit āmpine ārluneyo wälläṣtär kuyalte • ॥ yarāssinaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | mā penu śol ; nu (täṣ) |
|---|
(continues on A 65)
Translation
(continues from A 81)
| a1 | ... (The first one who), by himself intentionally breaks the good way [and] manner taken from the self; |
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| a1+ | the second [one], who intentionally again [and] again (breaks) the ten good precepts [lit. things = items of good behaviour]; |
| a2 | (the third one, who) intentionally breaks the pure manner of [moral] conduct after having accepted to observe [it] for the entire life. |
| a2+ | These beings of three sorts, by [their] (lack) of [moral] conduct even when alive they [are] to be identified as dead [ones]. |
| a3 | For see, oh lord: In [the tune] ṣāckācke: |
| a3+ | giving (seed)s [and] fruit (at the same time). |
| a4 | He who has sown the seed of morality in himself, he [is] of mankind. |
| a4+ | But the one who (in)tentionally breaks (his own good way and manner himself), being ignorant, he is dead even when alive; |
| a5 | [he has] fallen from the good way [and he is] not of mankind. 1. |
| a5+ | Having heard that, (all being amazed) say: |
| a6 | « Oh, what glowing of the Law, Oh, what revelation of your path to enlightenment, |
| a6+ | oh, what (cruelty of the goods who) restrain themselves.» |
| b1 | In [the tune] c.: « This one [= the prince] has the thirty (two) marks of the Cakravartin king. |
| b1+ | Mixed [and] com(bined) with compassion .. everything [has] come about. |
| b2 | Without compassion [is] this god Karman, unjust (?) [are] these gods, who do not reveal the seven jewels, the thousand sons, (the thousand queens) [and] the thousand ministers [that ought to belong] to this one.» |
| b3 | 1. Thereupon the king Brahmadatta, [being] pleased, says to the prince: |
| b3+ | «Oh lord, (my son, teach me how,) through the cutting off (of life), death occurs!» |
| b4 | The prince says: |
| b4+ | «Very briefly put, (the cutting off of the) life of the beings [is] of two kinds: |
| b5 | by dying (in a natural way) [and] dying by effort. Dying in a natural way, however, is of a three-fold kind. |
| b5+ | The first dies (by the cessation of merits, the second) [dies] by the cessation of (possession), the third [dies] by the cessation of both, because: |
| b6 | In [the tune] yarāssi: The life does not make dis(appear) even (the merit), |
(continues on A 65)
Other
| a2+ | Diese dreifachen Wesen [sind] durch (den Mangel) an [sittlicher] Haltung noch lebend als Tote zu erkennen; denn sieh, o Herr: Im Metrum Ṣāckācke || (Das Bewahren) der guten Dinge [ist] den Menschen (zugleich) Samen [und] Frucht gebend. Wer den Samen der Bewahrung in sich gesät hat, der [ist] von Menschenart. Wer aber seine (gute Art [und] Weise selbst) absichtlich unterbricht als Unverständiger, der [ist] auch lebend tot, von der guten Weise abgefallen [und] nicht von Menschenart. (Schmidt 1974: 191) |
|---|---|
| b2+ | Mitleidslos [ist] der Tatengott, ungerecht(?) [sind] die Götter, die dessen sieben Juwelen, tausend Söhne, (tausend Töchter) [und] tausend Minister nicht zur Erscheinung bringen. (Schmidt 1974: 348) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| This text continues from A 81 and immediately continues on A 65. |
Philological commentary
| The translation is largely based on Sieg 1952: 24-25, and Carling et al. 2009. | |
| n1 | (kus) (ne)...kotnaṣ: TB parallels are to be found in THT 1102 a2 (śaultsa wä)rpoṣ pāssi and IOL Toch 92 b4 (śau)ltsa pāssi wärpoṣ (cf. Schmidt 1986: 122). |
| n2 | This tune has 4x18 syllables, rhythm 7/7/4. |
| n3 | This tune has 4x18 syllables, rhythm 7/7/4. The name may be based on a loan from Skt. jīvanta- 'living creature': c(i)w(a)ntenaṃ. |
| n4 | We cannot restore to triwont because the remnants of last akṣara of this line speak against ‹nt›. |
| n5 | Pace Sieg 1952: 25, one should rather restore wälts lāntsās '1000 queens', not 'daughters' because in the traditional list of Cakravartin jewels, one finds the queen as well as son and minister (and horses and chariots etc.), but no daughters. |
| n6 | This tune has 4x18 syllables, rhythm 7/7/4. |
References
other
Sieg 1952: 24-25; Sieg 1952: 24
Miscellaneous
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 37; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 37
Translations
Schmidt 1974: a2 a3 a4 a5 (191), b2 b3 (348)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” Habilitation.
Sieg, Emil. 1952. Übersetzungen aus dem Tocharischen II, aus dem Nachlass hg. v. Werner Thomas. Abhandl. d. Deutschen Akad. d. Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Kl. f. Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst 1. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
