A 230
| Known as: | A 230; THT 863 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation). "A 230". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a230 (accessed 19 Jun. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 98.1 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Maitreyāvadānavyākaraṇa |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Meter: | 543 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | MAV-α |
| Preceding fragment: | A 229 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
(continues from A 229)
| a1 | – – – – – – – sk· tā kpaṃ kā vvi ṣi re /// /// ke a rthä ntu pu¯ ¯k ā neṃ śi ri twä ṣlaṃ : pā s̝a¯ ¯l lya lypū ra¯ ¯s̝ cä – – – – – |
|---|---|
| a2 | – – – – – – k[aṃ] mā pā s̝ta¯ ¯r a rthä /// /// mpa lśkaṃ ṣa s̝pa rku ma ska traṃ : 50 3 – ñcä rmā we ñä¯ ¯s̝ klyo saṃ ṣa [ntā]¯ ¯ñä mā [r]ta nta – |
| a3 | – – – – – ¯s̝ kā tke¯ ¯ñcä ā /// /// ski sa [ñce] tā ka ñi : sa rki sa ñce ntu mā kkā tka rñi ra ke ntu mā ska ṣlā : 50 4 [ta] |
| a4 | myo m· c· mpu wä rtsyo pā ka¯ ¯r ri twä /// /// [¯t] [p]· – lo : ma rka mpa lṣīṃ nu i me yo ta¯ ¯s̝ ra ri twā [:] skā yā a¯ ¯rthä pā ssi |
| a5 | ra ke ntu nu mā ska ntñi mā¯ ¯k wä knā /// /// tā¯ ¯m kra ñcä¯ ¯nä ma rka mpa¯ ¯l s̝pa rkā [ṣ]lu ne ma rñ[i] nṣaṃ – [nt]sū tā¯ ¯s̝ : pa ltsa |
| a6 | ṅkā mnu na¯ ¯k kā vvi ntwā śśi ka lyme – : ··ṃ /// /// [s]· wā wo pā pṣu s[pa] rkā lu ne yi¯ ¯s̝ : – – rki ra [k]· – ñc[ā] tla ñci mā ma sku¯ ¯nt |
| a7 | ā l[k]o ntpe : ca mt[ä] ry«ā» sa rki skā [y]· /// /// [rka] mpa¯ ¯l 50 7 ce smi mo sa – – [ra] ri – – km· – [kā] v[v]i ma nt··ṃ ·e – ·i ·ä [m]e |
| lf | 100 20 9 |
| b1 | tra k[ṣi] nāṃ o pṣlyi stā mka lym[aṃ] caṃ : /// /// tā k·¯ ¯ñcä m· – ka m· – – – ¯ñcä : – – ā – w· – tso pa – – – – ·m· |
| b2 | ñā ssa rsā¯ ¯t : yā mi¯ ¯t kā vvi ca· ·ū mā [ka] /// /// lā mā ta ṅks̝a¯ ¯l – [y]ā mtse ta¯ ¯s̝ o ña¯ – nu [na]¯ ¯k – – – mu skā tñi mā ciṃ sā : |
| b3 | 50 9 pra sku lya lypu ra¯ ¯s̝ ma¯ ¯r ma rka /// /// [t]so pa¯ ¯ts wä¯ ¯l nu na¯ ¯k ra ri twā kā vvi ko sne ī me – lkā ñi : ka ni¯ ¯s ā |
| b4 | yā t·ā ku cne mā tā myo mu nṣaṃ a rthä – – /// – – [k]a vvi [:] kuṣa nti tā ki ṣñi maṃ tne mā [c]ä¯ ¯r mka lto¯ ¯nt se kuṣā nti ya¯ ¯s̝ : tā lo ā kna |
| b5 | – – – – – ¯k ā klu ma rka mpa¯ ¯l /// /// nu : 60-1 [k]u cne kra¯ ¯ñcä wra sa¯ ¯ñä kā rū ṇi kā¯ ¯ñä knā nmā na¯ ¯s̝ : mā¯ ¯k ma¯ ¯ṅk tri ślū ñe – |
| b6 | – – – – – – [¯m] e tstsa nta¯ ¯r : tsru [y]· /// /// ·kw· ññe¯ ¯ñc ca¯ ¯m pu¯ ¯k ma ṅka¯ ¯nt ta rne [ñcäṃ] : 60 2 ku cne nu yo mu tā ki – a rthä· ·ṃ – – |
| b7 | – – – – – – – – tā ki¯ ¯s̝ kā ka /// /// ¯l : ta mpe ka lpī ta¯ ¯r ku li – ta mpe [o] ma skeṃ kle śā ś·i : 60 3 ā – – – – – – – |
Transcription
(continues from A 229)
| lf | 100-20-9 |
| 52d | a1 (ṣokyo) (nu) (mā)sk(i) tāk paṃ kāvviṣi re(twe) /// |
|---|---|
| 53a | 1σ /// ke arthäntu ; puk āneṃśi ; ritwäṣlaṃ : |
| 53b | pāṣäl lyalypūräṣ ; cä – – – ; – – a2 – ; – – – – 3σ |
| 53c | – kaṃ mā pāṣtär ; arthä /// 5σ |
| 53d | 5σ /// ; (märka)mpal śkaṃ ; ṣaṣpärku ; mäskatr-äṃ : 50-3 |
| 54a | (ci)ñcär mā weñäṣ ; klyosäṃṣantāñ ; mā =rtantä – 0σ |
| 54b | a3 – – – – – ṣ ; kātkeñc ā /// 7σ |
| 54c | 6σ /// ski sañce ; tāka-ñi : |
| 54d | sarki sañcentu ; māk kātkar-ñi ; rakentu ; māskäṣlā : 50-4 |
| 55a | täa4myo m(ā) c(ä)mpu ; wärtsyo pākär ; ritwä /// 1σ |
| 55b | 12σ /// t p· – 2σ lo : |
| 55c | märkampalṣīṃ nu ; imeyo täṣ ; raritwā : |
| 55d | skāyā arth pāssi ; a5 rakentu nu ; māskant-ñi ; māk wäknā (:) (50-5) |
| 56a | /// 11σ /// tām {:} |
| 56b | krañcän märkampal ; ṣpärkāṣlune ; mar ñi nṣaṃ ; – ntsū tāṣ : |
| 56c | pältsäa6ṅkām nuna-k ; kāvvintwāśśi ; kälyme – : |
| 56d | 1σ ··ṃ /// 14σ |
| 57a | 2σ /// s· 1σ wāwo ; pāpṣu spärkā;lune yiṣ : |
| 57b | – – rki rak· ; – ñcāt läñci ; māmäskunt a7 ; ālkont pe : |
| 57c | cam täryā särki ; skāy· /// 6σ |
| 57d | 12σ /// ; (mä)rkampal 50-7 |
| 58a | cesmi mosa – – 1σ ; rari – – 1σ km· 1σ ; – kāvvi {:} |
| 58b | mänt·· 1σ ṃ ·e – 1σ ·i ·ä ; meb1trakṣināṃ ; opṣlyis tām ; kälymaṃ caṃ : |
| 58c | /// 12σ |
| 58d | 6σ /// tāk· 1σ ñc m· 1σ ; – käm· ; – – – ñc : (50-8) |
| 59a | ā – 1σ w· – 1σ tsopa – 0σ ; – – – ·m· b2 ; ñāss arsāt : |
| 59b | yāmit kāvvi ca(m) ; (t)ū mā kä /// 7σ |
| 59c | 8σ /// lā ; mā täṅkṣäl (:) |
| 59d | yāmtse täṣ oña(nt) ; nuna-k – – – 2σ ; muskāt-ñi ; mā ciṃsā : b3 50-9 |
| 60a | prasku lyalypuräṣ ; mar märka /// 4σ |
| 60b | 10σ /// tsopats ; wäl nuna-k {:} |
| 60c | raritwā kāvvi ; kos ne īme ; (kä)lkā ñi : |
| 60d | kanis āb4yāt·ā ; kuc ne mā tām ; yomu nṣaṃ ; arthä(ntu) (60) |
| 61a | /// 9σ /// – ; – kavvi : |
| 61b | kuṣanti tākiṣ-ñi ; mäṃt ne mācär ; mkältont se ; kuṣānti yaṣ : |
| 61c | tālo ākna b5 – – 1σ ; – – – 2σ k āklu ; märkampal (:) |
| 61d | /// 14σ /// nu : 60-1 |
| 62a | kuc ne krañc wrasañ ; kārūṇikāñ ; knānmānäṣ : |
| 62b | māk maṅk triślūñe ; – b6 – – – ; – – – m ; etstsantär : |
| 62c | tsru y· /// 11σ |
| 62d | 6σ /// ·kw· 1σ ññeñc cam ; puk maṅkant ; tärneñcäṃ : 60-2 |
| 63a | kuc ne nu yomu ; tāki – 0σ arthä· 0σ ; · 1σ ṃ – – b7 – 2σ |
| 63b | – – – – – ; – – tākiṣ ; kākä /// 4σ |
| 63c | 12σ /// l : |
| 63d | tampe kälpītär ; kuli(ṣ) tampe ; omäskeṃ ; kleśāś(ś)i : 60-3 |
| 64a | ā – – – – – – – |
Translation
(continues from A 229)
| a1 | Very difficult was such a kāvya composition... ... all the meanings are to be assembled diligently. |
|---|---|
| a1+ | ... is to be guarded from the deed... |
| a2 | If one does not keep the tune, the meanings... ... and the law has disappeared on him. If one doesn't speak delightfully, the listeners do not approve. |
| a3 | ... cross... ... I had doubt... Then many doubts arose to me because of the difficulty of the words (?) |
| a3+ | Therefore I did not manage to compose (this work) in a broadly clear way. |
| a4 | With the awareness of the law I composed this. I attempted to preserve the meaning. |
| a5 | But the words were very difficult for me. May there be no destroying of the good law by me in me. |
| a5+ | Again I think the region of kāvyas... |
| a6 | ... lead, guarded... goes into disappearance. |
| a6+ | (Then the) word... others also being difficult... |
| a7 | In accord with this rule, (I) attempted... ... law... ... for their sake... the kāvya... |
| a7+ | ... the... of the parousia of Maitreya... |
| b1+ | ... evoked desire... |
| b2 | You ought to make the kāvya. You... not... ... is not to be inhibited... I made the beginning. Again my... disappeared. |
| b2+ | I did not manage (to do it). |
| b3 | Fearing the karma, do not... (the law)... I, oh great king, have again put together the Kāvya, as far as my competence went, in accordance with the meter and tune |
| b4 | Where I may not have gotten the sense, ... ... patience may be for me, like a mother has patience with her little son ... |
| b4+ | Miserable... ignorant... having studied the law.... |
| b5 | Much fault and confusion which the good, compassionat, knowledgeable beings seize..., a little... |
| b6 | They dismiss all his faults. |
| b6+ | Where I may have gotten the sense (?)... may there be... |
| b7 | If power were obtained, the evil power of the Kleśas would weaken. |
Other
| a2 | If he does not say kind [things], the listeners do not approve. (cf 134) (Peyrot 2013b: 641) |
|---|---|
| a2 | [Wenn] er ... das Metrum nicht bewahrt, die Bedeutung(en) ... bzw. [Wenn] ... das Metrum nicht bewahrt wird, die Bedeutung(en) ... (Schmidt 1974: 247) |
| a4+ | Ich habe mich bemüht, den Sinn zu bewahren, aber die Worte haben sich mir vielfach vertauscht/sind von mir vielfach vertauscht ]d.h. nicht richtig getroffen] worden. (Schmidt 1974: 69, 266-7) |
| a5 | In this, may there not be destruction of the good law by me. (cf 134) (Peyrot 2013b: 243) |
| b2 | Ich machte demzufolge, aber (die Zuversicht) schwand mir, ich konnte nicht. (Schmidt 1974: 111) |
| b4 | Where I may not have gotten the sense, … (Peyrot 2013b: 649) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Immediately follows A 229. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg 1918: 561-564; Sieg and Siegling 1921: 115-116; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 115, p. 116
Translations
Hackstein 1995: a2 (175), b2 (47, 191); Knoll 1996: a2 (142), a4 (55), a6 (117[f]), b5 (97[f]); Kölver 1965: a3 (58), a4 (14, 15); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (641), a5 (243), b4 (649); Schmidt 1974: a2 (247), a4 a5 (69, 266f), a4 a5 (69, 266-7), b2 (111), b3 b4 (267 n.1), b7 (42 n.2); Thomas 1952: a1 (18), a3 (54); Thomas 1954: a4 (719); Thomas 1957: a2 (253), a3 a4 a5 (150), a4 a5 (195), a7 (284), b1 b2 (150), b2 (55), b3 (151), b3 b4 (235); Thomas 1958: a5 (305); Thomas 1968: b4 (227); Thomas 1970: b7 (271); Thomas 1972: a3 (461); Thomas 1974b: a3 a4 (126); Thomas 1977a: a3 (260), a3 (260), a3 a4 (260), a5 (260); Thomas 1981: b2 (492); Thomas 1983: a6 (17); Thomas 1986: a5 a6 (133), b2 (124); Thomas 1989: a3 (14), a4 a5 (14), a5 (14); Thomas 1995: a3 (61), a3 (62), a4 a5 (62), b5 (68); Thomas 1997: a1 (114)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
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