A 222
| Known as: | A 222; THT 855 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation). "A 222". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a222 (accessed 19 Jul. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 80.10, T III Š 92.26 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Maitreyāvadānavyākaraṇa |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Meter: | 4343 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | MAV-α |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| a1 | (– –) ṣi kle [ś]ā ṣi pa lka ntwā ṣi : pra ṣta ṣi śkaṃ kā ṣā yyo spa rko pa ltsa – wra sa śśi (– – – – – – – –) na ṣu¯ ¯s̝ o ma ske ññi w[o] śśi ṣe¯ ¯ñcä : [o] [ma] sk· (– – – – – – – –) |
|---|---|
| a2 | – [¯ñä] pukaṃ na tsaṃ : lā¯ ¯ñcä ā mā śā¯ ¯ñä ṣo s̝ta ṅkā¯ ¯ñä sne pa lti kā¯ ¯ñä pra kṣä ntā¯ ¯ñä – – – – – – – – ke npa¯ ¯r e ntsu¯ ¯s̝ ma rka mpa¯ ¯l : 100 2 ra pu rñe – – – – – – |
| a3 | – – ka lpa ri nā ntā¯ ¯ñä : sne pa lṣī naṃ rī te yo ru to¯ ¯s̝ wra sa – – – – – – – – – mm[a] tra¯ ¯m o pṣlyä ntu mā saṃ śā ta mwa¯ ¯nt swa se : mā ce smi – – – – – – |
| a4 | – – pkaṃ ṣā¯ ¯nt mā kaṃ ṣā¯ ¯nt : 100 4 mā ka lyme yā pa kku¯ ¯nt ca¯ ¯m – – – – – – – – spa rksā mpa ltsa¯ ¯k tmā ksa rki a rnaṃ ma s[c]ä[¯] [¯r] [u] mpa rñe : kl· – – – – – – – |
| a5 | – – ttse¯ ¯k wso ko ne : ske ya syo pe mā ski ṣe¯ ¯s̝ mro skulu ne – – – – – – – – – ypā pa ttāṃ ñkä¯ ¯t ce sa mwra sa¯ ¯s mro [s]ka ssi : a ryu pra ṣtaṃ ṣo¯ ¯m – – – – |
| a6 | – – – mro saṃ śā¯ ¯nt : ca mi¯ ¯k śpā lmeṃ śā kye ṣiṃ ri ṣa kyā pṣe¯ ¯s̝ nā nde ño[¯] [¯m] – – – – – – – ¯r ṣo ma pā cä¯ ¯r – – kyā¯ ¯p : 100 6 tso pa tsaṃ ske spa lta kyo tskā¯ ¯t ca m·· s̝· – – – |
| a7 | – – – kul· yaṃ pa ltsa¯ ¯k ca cra ṅku mro sa ṅkā tsi mā nwi ññā¯ ¯t : wā taṃ ka ṣṣī – – – – – – – – – – ¯·ä : wā taṃ a ntu¯ ¯s̝ ña re yaṃ ku ppre o ntaṃ mro ska¯ ¯t sa¯ ¯m : – – – – – – |
| b1 | – – – ā klu yso mo tri pa ra¯ ¯s : śaṃ ku¯ ¯m me nā¯ ¯k śa kwe pi pu klā pā ṣā – – – – – – – – – s[ā]¯ ¯t sa¯ ¯m ra ddhi ṣiṃ ca myā tlū n· : ynā ñmū ne yo yä rka ntyo trī k[a] – – – – |
| b2 | – – 8 ma rka mpa lṣiṃ lä cwä kna¯ ¯s̝ skā yśkaṃ ko ssi pa ttāṃ ñkä¯ ¯t : yā mtsā¯ – – – – – – – sa¯ ¯m a vi śña re [y]aṃ : go kā li¯ ¯k ño¯ ¯m ṣe¯ ¯s̝ ca m[i]¯ ¯k wa s̝ta¯ ¯s̝ la ltu ā – – – |
| b3 | – – snā ka¯ ¯m na ṣṣmi sa¯ ¯m śā ri sse yā śla kpe nu : 100 9 mau – – – – – – – – – – ka ā ltsā taṃ : ka ṣṣī pe nu pa ttāṃ ñka¯ ¯t tri lkwä¯ ¯r nu na¯ ¯k [ā] – – – – |
| b4 | – – rka ssi a ntu¯ ¯s̝ nwā¯ ¯t klā ma hā pa dū maṃ : ā re sā syo – – – – – – – – ña re yaṃ : 100 10 su na kṣa tre lyä klyaṃ l·· ma lywā yo [naṃ] – – – – – – |
| b5 | – – ¯s kucä¯ ¯s̝ ca ṣi bu ddhi śpa raṃ kā swo ne : ko lu ne ṣiṃ pra yo – – – – – – – – – ·[ñ]ā syo yṣaṃ wā laṃ e s̝a¯ ¯k wä¯ ¯s ra ri ttwāṃ św· tsi ntwaṃ : – – – – – – – – – |
| b6 | – [¯s] ṣo ma tsaṃ tmā naṃ wä rce : pkā¯ ¯t nuṃ ko ssi ṣñi mā cä¯ ¯r ye s̝aṃ na na¯ ¯cä pa [tt]· – – – – – – – tā mpra ṣtaṃ stā¯ ¯t nuṃ ko ssi pa ttāṃ ñkä¯ ¯t : mā ye – – – – – – – – |
| b7 | – – sa ko – ka ṣṣi : 100 10 2 a jā ta śa tru ño mā ṣe ṣwä¯ ¯l tā m·· – o ma – – – – – – – – ¯r ke n[pa¯] [¯r] spā rttu pa t·āṃ ñktaṃ : yā mt·ā[¯] [¯t] sa r·i – – – – – – – – |
Transcription
Translation
| a1 | Through the impurity of the being, the rule, the afflictions, the opinions, and the time, the mind of the beings was lost. The enemies and the friends were bad and evil. |
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| a1+ | The beings did not refrain from evil at all... |
| a2 | ... kings, ministers [and] tax collectors, outlaws, judges, citizens, villagers having wrongly conceived of the law. |
| a2+ | The beings (were) desirous, seeking profit and gain, deluded by lawless greed, in the countries. |
| a3 | Then, whenever ceremonies were performed by them, wind and rain would make it difficult for them. |
| a3+ | And for them, the canes (?) did not ripen at the right time |
| a4 | nor did they yield (fruit). The tree produced fruit that has not ripened correctly. As a consequence, they lost their mind. They became evil in appearance. The Kleśas pushed away the touching of the viaticum. |
| a5 | Happiness truly disappeared. Even with efforts, the blessing through aversion was difficult. The Buddha made effort without nummber to make these beings feel aversion. |
| a5+ | In a long time, they did not feel aversion for even a single moment. |
| a6 | The excellent Riṣi from the Śākya-clan had a younger brother of the same father named Nanda, the beautiful one. |
| a6+ | The Buddha pulled him out of the house with great effort. |
| a7 | (But) he, making his mind adhere to a woman, did not consent to feel aversion. The teacher lead him to the sages. Then, he lead him to the god. whenever he led him into hell, was he ever disgusted. (107.) |
| a7+ | Devadatte, having fully learned the law, the Tripiṭaka, like a scallop, observed the observance for twelve years. |
| b1 | He sat in meditation. He rose to the magical power. |
| b1+ | Through honor and admiration, his mind went astray, completely perversely. |
| b2 | He renounced lawful behavior and strived to kill the Buddha. He committed sins, He fell into the Avīci-hell. He had a student who left the house called Kokālika. |
| b3 | He put blame and slander even on Śāriputra and even on Maudgalyāyana. The god Brahman himself kept him away. Even the teacher, Buddha, restrained him three times. |
| b3+ | He did not consent to be kept away from his way. |
| b4 | He fell into the Mahāpadma-hell. His own tongue was ploughed by five hundred plowmen in hell. Sunakṣatre would finely crush animals and, having thrown them to the feet of the Buddha, say: |
| b5 | "From where does he have Buddhahood (and) virtue?" There was a householder named Śrīguptan2 with means of killing. He covered a pit for him with kñās. He mixed his food with poison. |
| b5+ | Angulimāl killed beings, a little less than 10 000. |
| b6 | Now he intended to kill his own mother. The (Buddha) went to him with his power. That time, he decided to kill the Buddha. He did not go to his goal (of killing the Buddha). |
| b6+ | He turned into an arhant. |
| b7 | The teacher became higher (=elated?). There was an evil king named Ajātaśatru that time. Having killed his father and having behaved perversely toward the Buddha, he made a confession... In consequence, he confessed... |
Other
| a3+ | Und nicht wurden ihnen die Baumfrüchte zur [rechten] Zeit reif [und] kamen nicht zustande. (Schmidt 1974: 129, 135) |
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| a5+ | Zahllos machte der Buddha Anstrengung, die[se] Wesen zur Entsagung zu bringen, in langer Zeit (in) [jedem] einzelnen (Augenblick). [Aber] sie entsagten eben (nicht). (Schmidt 1974: 161-2) |
| a6+ | Mit großer Mühe [und] Anstrengung zog ihn der Buddha aus dem Hause. [Da] er [sein] Denken an eine Frau gehängt [hatte], duldete er [es nämlich] nicht, zu entsagen. (Schmidt 1974: 470) |
| a7 | Alsdann führte er [scil. der Buddha] (ihn zu den Göttern). [Aber erst] als er ihn von da in die Hölle führte, entsagte er. (Schmidt 1974: 386) |
| b1 | Dem Pfahle vergleichbar hielt er zwölf Jahre [lang] (am Sittengesetz) fest. (Schmidt 1974: 404-5) |
| b2 | Er [scil. Devadatta] ging vom Gesetzeswandel ab und bemühte sich, den Buddha zu töten. Er beging (die [fünf] Todsünden), [und] er (fiel) in die Avīci-Hölle. (Schmidt 1974: 446) |
| b3+ | Er [scil. Gokālika] (legte) Tadel [und] üble Nachrede zugleich auf Śāriputra als auch auf Maudgalyāyana. Gott Brahman selbst hielt ihn zurück. Auch der Meister, der Buddha, (hielt ihn) noch dreimal zurück. [Aber] er duldete [es] (nicht), davon abzulassen, [und] fiel in die Mahāpadma[-Hölle]. (Schmidt 1974: 500-1) |
| b6 | Er [scil. Sunakṣatra] beabsichtigte nun, seine Mutter zu töten ... Er beabsichtigte nun, den Buddha zu töten. (Schmidt 1974: 148) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Pinault 2020a. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). |
Parallel texts
| A 239 |
Philological commentary
| n1 | Following Pinault 2020a |
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| n2 | Cf. IOL Toch 5 b4 |
References
Online access
Miscellaneous
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 110-111; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 110, p. 111
Translations
Carling 2000: a5 (403), a7 (143), b1 (404); Hackstein 1995: a4 (88f), a6 (141), b1 (175), b3 (214f); Krause 1952: a7 (178); Schmidt 1974: a3 a4 (135), a3 a4 (129, 135), a5 a6 (161f), a5 a6 (161-2), a6 a7 (470), a7 (386), b1 (404f), b1 (404-5), b2 (446), b3 b4 (500f), b3 b4 (500-1), b6 (148); Thomas 1954: b2 (719), b5 (759), b6 (719); Thomas 1957: a1 (258), a5 a6 (14, 62), a6 (34), a6 a7 (104), a7 (14, 234), b1 (205), b1 b2 (104), b2 (34), b3 (193), b3 b4 (105 and n.2), b7 (33); Thomas 1967a: a6 (67), b2 (67), b7 (64); Thomas 1967c: a1 (170), b3 (171); Thomas 1972: a6 (461); Thomas 1976a: a1 (79); Thomas 1979d: b3 (167); Thomas 1983: a7 (28); Thomas 1986: b3 (136), b6 (133); Thomas 1993: a6 (209)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 2020a. “New material extracted from revised Tocharian A texts.” Tokharian Texts, December. https://hal.science/hal-03381812/document.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1967a. “Zu den Ausdrücken mit A ñom, B ñem im Tocharischen.” Indogermanische Forschungen 72: 58–78.
Thomas, Werner. 1967c. “Zu wortverbindendem toch. A śkaṃ/ B ṣpä.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 81: 161–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1976a. “Zu Konjunktion yo und Instrumentalaffix -yo in Tocharisch A.” Indogermanische Forschungen 80: 71–79.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1986. “Zur Stellung von toch. A nuṃ, B nano ‘wieder’ innerhalb des Satzes.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 99: 117–46.
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Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
