eṣār

Cite this page as:	"eṣār". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_eṣār (accessed 19 Jul. 2025).
Meaning:	“to give”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TA
Equivalent in TB:	ai-
Lexeme variants:	eṣār
Person:	third
Number:	plural
Tense/Mood:	imperfect
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-full
Stem:	present
Stem class:	8
Valency:	transitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	esam, esam-ci
2	eṣt
3	eṣā, eṣ, eṣ-äk, eṣṣ-äṃ, eṣṣ-äm	eṣār, eseñc

Lexeme family

• e-
  • e- “to give” gv
    • e- “to give” gv.prs8

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	esam, esam-ci
      2	eṣt
      3	eṣā, eṣ, eṣ-äk, eṣṣ-äṃ, eṣṣ-äm	eṣār, eseñc

      • eṣant “giving” ptcp.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	eṣant	eṣant
        acc			eṣäntās	eṣäntās
        gen	eṣäntāp	eṣäntāp
        abl	eṣäntānäṣ	eṣäntānäṣ

      • eṣäl “having to give, to be given” part.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	eṣäl
        acc		eṣlyāṃ
        all	eṣlac

      • esmāṃ “being given” part.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ
        acc	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ

      • essi “to give” inf.n.prs8

        	sg
        nom	essi, essi-k
        acc	essi, essi-k

    • e- “to give” gv.subj1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	āyim, āyim-äṃ, em, em-ci, em-äm	āyimäs
      2	āyit, āyit-äm, et, et-ñi
      3	āyiṣ, eṣ	āyeñc

      • el “to give” part.subj1/2

        	sg.f
        nom	elyi

      • elune “to give” abstr.n.subj1/2

        	sg
        nom	elune
        acc	elune
        loc	eluneyaṃ
        inst	eluneyo
        abl	elūneyäṣ
        perl	eluneyā

Occurrences

eṣār

1	A 154 a4	lwā śākant sukrānāśśi śwātsi	eṣār	• pra /// a5
2	A 226 a6	āppärmāt ; mā el	eṣār	; mā pñi ypānt
3	YQ I.5 b7	17σ /// – niṣpaltu	eṣār	; sne eṃts eṣār
4	YQ I.5 b7	eṣār ; sne eṃts	eṣār	; pukis eṣār ;
5	YQ I.5 b7	eṃts eṣār ; pukis	eṣār	; b8 5σ